Cyril of Jerusalem keeps our eyes on salvation

There’s no reason we would know about Cyril of Jerusalem, a bishop and a liturgical theologian and ultimately a saint. For those of us who make the claim to be liturgical historians, Cyril’s a big deal. Liturgy people know the 4th-century pilgrim Egeria who happened to be in Jerusalem to witness the Holy Week and Easter liturgies led by Bishop Cyril. Egeria is the earliest record we have of the liturgical rites of the time. Her descriptions has long fascinated and puzzling. Egeria’s eye-witness account was a progression (and a procession) of several days of liturgy as it was lived then; the witness she gives the nature of the promise of life given be the Lord. What Egeria and thus Cyril did was to recount the narrative of creation and salvation history as known through the lens of the Lord’s Paschal Mystery, i.e., the Lord’s passion, death, resurrection, and ascension.

The people in front of Cyril were reminded that by Easter all was done. No, he pointed us to think differently about the questions of life and the longing for God in a different way. Cyril reminds us, even in 2024, that we are made for a Promise –that is, eternal life– that they we are now just getting started. Cyril tells us that with Jesus Christ, Love incarnate, is here to redeem us.

As it is stated elsewhere, we should never think of Lent as a stand-alone season. When Lent is over it’s not really over; Lent is the preamble to a lifetime of reflection on Jesus, his Gospel and the sacred duties (Tradition) to which he calls each of us.

The importance of Cyril for us today is that he brings to the table the awareness that we are a people of a promise, of expectation and desire. The awareness is that of truly living, fully flourishing as human being. We are human beings where desire, expectation, promise give us the power, the stimulus to move ourselves forward out a negativity or a nihilism to truth and life. He makes me look at myself with wonder.

The Twofold Coming of Christ

At this seventh day of Christmas, I am thinking of who it is we preach these days. A piece from Saint Cyril of Jerusalem is helpful to contextualize the question especially we are day before the Octave Day of Christmas: the giving of the Holy Name, the only one that truly saves us. The saint preached:

We do not preach only one coming of Christ, but a second as well, much more glorious than the first. The first coming was marked by patience; the second will bring the crown of a divine kingdom.

In general, whatever relates to our Lord Jesus Christ has two aspects. There is a birth from God before the ages, and a birth from a virgin at the fullness of time. There is a hidden coming, like that of rain on fleece, and coming before all eyes, still in the future.

At the first coming He was wrapped in swaddling clothes in a manger. At His second coming He will be clothed in light as in a garment. In the first coming He endured the cross, despising the shame; in the second coming He will be in glory, escorted by an army of angels.

We look then beyond the first first coming and await the second. At the first coming we said: Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord. At the second we shall it again; we shall go out with the angels to meet the Lord and cry out in adoration: Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord.

St Cyril of Jerusalem

Today, we liturgically honor our father among the saints, Cyril, patriarch of Jerusalem. Cyril was listed as one of the fathers at the Second Ecumenical Council in 381 in Constantinople. He was pastor of the Holy City for nearly half a century, and twice suffered exile. He left a rich legacy in his Catechetical Lectures. He delivered these to those preparing for baptism at Easter and they gave form to the period we now call Lent. They contain a wealth of information about the rite of Baptism and the Eucharistic Liturgy where we find the earliest mention of the invocation of the Holy Spirit. The annual commemoration of Holy Week and Pascha formalized during his rule, thru the natural popularity of pilgrimages to Jerusalem, spread the basic structure of these sacred feasts throughout the entire Church. This is amply evident in the journal of Egeria whose visit occurred soon after Cyril’s death on this day in 386. (t:NS) St Cyril is a Doctor of the Church.

Those who are serious students of the Liturgy, Eastern or Western, have always loved the St Cyril’s work on the sacraments of initiation, among many other things. “Make your fold with the sheep; flee from the wolves: depart not from the Church”. I am grateful for St Cyril of Jerusalem!

Don’t ashamed of the Cross of Christ

cross sacramentaryFriday is a day to recall the Signum Crucis –the sign of the Cross. I am aware that some are not comfortable with crossing one’s self in public for being self-conscious. It is, however, good public witness! We ought not be ashamed of making the sign of the Cross! To be ashamed of the sign of His Cross is to be ashamed of Him!

“Let us, therefore, not be ashamed of the Cross of Christ; but though another hide it, do thou openly seal it upon thy forehead, that the devils may behold the royal sign and flee trembling far away. Make then this sign at eating and drinking, at sitting, at lying down, at rising up, at speaking, at walking: in a word, at every act.” – St. Cyril, Bishop of Jerusalem A.D. 386